TMDs have strong spin-orbit coupling and result in two equivalent K valleys but with opposite spin characteristics. By breaking time-reversal symmetry, the two valleys can become inequivalent in population or in energy and can be used for storing information.
2D van der Waals materials can be stacked to create arbitrary heterostructures that exhibit exotic properties. These materials can also have a relative twist angle to create a spatially varying potentials from the resulting moiré pattern.
Spatially patterned electrostatic gates can be used to create a potential trap for charged particles. When the spatial dimensions become small, the trap will behave like a quantum dot with quantized levels.